Wormhole
While developing tools for StratOS, I wrote a nifty little program that I call “Wormhole,” which uses the Linux kernel’s inotify functionality to respond to filesystem events. More specifically, it watches a single directory and performs specified actions on any files that are moved into or written to the directory. Once the files are processed, the results are stored in another directory. The syntax is like this:
$ wormhole action entrance_directory exit_directorywhere the
action is either a program name or one of the built-in commands: --zip or --unzip.
The program that is used as the action, must take two input arguments: an input file and an output directory. Wormhole expects the action to remove the input file from the entrance_directory as its final step. The simplest (very silly) example is:
$ wormhole mv /directory1/ /directory2/In this example, the
action is the move command, mv. Whenever a file is added to /directory1, it will automatically be moved to /directory2.
A more realistic use case would involve a script that performs some sort of useful operations on the files that enter the entrance_directory. Here’s a slightly less silly example action:
#! /bin/bash
# pdf_append.sh - A command for adding new pages to a PDF file
# usage: pdf_append.sh input_image output_directory
# where input_image is an image file that can be processed with
# ImageMagick's convert command and output_directory contains
# exactly one PDF document.
# Note that this is a very fragile script for demonstration
# purposes only.
input_image=$1
output_dir=$2
# convert image to PDF
# (this assumes the input isn't already a PDF)
input_pdf="$input_image.pdf"
convert $input_image $input_pdf
# get the name of the PDF being appended to.
# assumes there is exactly one PDF file in output_dir
output_pdf="$(ls $output_dir/*.pdf)"
temp_pdf="${output_pdf/.pdf/-temp.pdf}"
# append the input_pdf to the end of the output_pdf
mv $output_pdf $temp_pdf
pdfunite $temp_pdf $input_pdf $output_pdf
# these tools would also work:
# pdftk $temp_pdf $input_pdf cat output $output_pdf
# pdfjoin $temp_pdf $input_pdf $output_pdf
# delete intermediate files:
rm $input_image $input_pdf $temp_pdf
Suppose I create directories in my current working direcotry, called in/ and out/. Inside of the out/ directory, I place a PDF document. I then execute wormhole, like this:
$ wormhole ./pdf_append.sh in outNow, if I save or move images into the
in/ directory, they will automatically be appended to the PDF document in out/ as new pages.
Wormhole was initially developed to provide a means of automatically compressing and decompressing files before they are sent over a non-compressed network stream (specifically, NFS), so it has two built-in actions, --zip and --unzip. These actions currently use zlib to perform the compression, but they will eventually use the LZO compression library, due to its compression speed. The input and output directories are in RAM-backed, tmpfs file systems in order to minimize latency. The sender places files into one “mouth” of the wormhole and files are compressed and sent to the destination computer. The receiver watches the other mouth of the worm hole and decompresses files as they arrive.
The current version of Wormhole isn’t written to be a proper daemon, but it can be cheaply “daemonized” using nohup and output redirection. For example:
$ nohup wormhole --zip /path/to/in /path/to/out 1> /dev/null 2>/dev/null &The source for the version of Wormhole described above can be found here.
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